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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is accurately described as a group of lung diseases that lead to long-term breathing problems and airflow obstruction. This encompasses conditions such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which are characterized by the narrowing of air passages and inflammation. The airflow limitation is typically progressive, meaning it worsens over time, and is commonly associated with exposure to harmful substances like cigarette smoke and air pollution.

Understanding that COPD affects the lungs is crucial, as it distinguishes it from other conditions that may affect different organs or be caused primarily by genetic factors. The chronic nature of COPD means it significantly alters a person's respiratory function, leading to symptoms like chronic cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath—none of which are indicative of a short-lived infection or a purely genetic disorder. Additionally, while COPD can impact heart function due to increased pressure in the lungs, it is fundamentally a respiratory condition rather than a cardiac one.